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1. Basic Information
- Full Name: Republic of Latvia
- Continent: Europe
- ISO Codes: LV / LVA
- Calling Code: +371
- Time Zone: UTC+02:00
- Capital: Riga
- Official Language: Latvian
- Total Area: 64,589 km²
- Population: 1.87 million
- Currency: Euro (€)
- Internet Domain: .lv
2. Geography
- Land Area: 62,200 km²
- Highest Point: 312m (Gaizinkalns)
- Lowest Point: 0m (Baltic Sea)
- Longest River: 1,020 km (Daugava)
- Climate Type: Continental
- Coastline: 498 km
3. Demographics
- Population Growth Rate: -0.61% per year
- Population Density: 30.08 per km²
- Median Age: 44.5 years
- Urban Population: 69%
- Life Expectancy: 75.9 years
- Birth Rate: 8.6 per 1,000 people
- Death Rate: 14.3 per 1,000 people
4. Economy & Trade
- GDP (Nominal): $46.2 billion
- GDP per Capita: $38,900
- Inflation Rate: 2.3%
- Main Exports: Wood, Machinery, Vehicles
- Main Imports: Machinery, Petroleum, Chemicals
5. Labor & Employment
- Labor Force Participation Rate: 61.8%
- Unemployment Rate: 6.5%
- Minimum Wage: $800 per month
- Main Employment Sectors: Agriculture (7%), Industry (24%), Services (69%)
- Working Age Population: 63.2%
6. Agriculture & Food
- Top Agricultural Products: Barley, Wheat, Potatoes
- Arable Land: 18.9%
- Irrigated Land: 6 km²
- Agricultural Production Value: $2.4 billion
- Food Import: 13.3% of Merchandise Imports
7. Industry
- Main Industries: Wood Products, Agriculture, Manufacturing
- Manufacturing Output: $5.5 billion
- Industrial Growth Rate: 0.95%
- Notable Industrial Exports: Wood, Machinery, Food Products
- Technology Adoption in Industry: Moderate
8. Energy
- Primary Energy Sources: Biomass, Hydro
- Electricity Access: 100%
- Renewable Energy Usage: 46%
- Energy Production: 5.2 TWh
- Energy Import/Export Status: Net Importer
9. Infrastructure
- Total Road Network: 58,000 km
- Railway Network: 1,900 km
- International Airports: 4
- Internet Penetration Rate: 93.1%
- Urban Infrastructure Quality: Moderate
10. Technology
- Internet Users: 93.2%
- Mobile Network Coverage: 97.5%
- R&D Investment: 0.81% of GDP
- Global Innovation Index: 42nd out of 133 economies
- High Technology Export: $2.1 billion
11. Education
- Literacy Rate: 99.9%
- Tertiary School Enrollment: 91.5%
- Average Years of Schooling: 13.5 years
- Public Education Expenditure: 4.7% of GDP
- Education Quality Index: 0.91 (scale 0-1)
12. Health
- Healthcare Expenditure: 9.2% of GDP
- Access to Clean Water: 96.5%
- Infant Mortality Rate: 4.5 per 1,000 births
- Physician Density: 3.4 per 1,000 people
- Life Expectancy: 75.9 years
13. Environment
- CO₂ Emissions: 3.5 metric tons per capita
- Protected Land Areas: 18.3%
- Main Environmental Challenges: Air Pollution, Overfishing
- National Parks: 4
- Forest Coverage: 54.9%
14. Animals & Wildlife
- National Animal: White Wagtail
- Biodiversity Rank: 172 (out of all countries)
- Mammals Count: 69 species
- Birds Count: ~330 species
- Fish Count: ~120 species
- Reptiles Count: 7 species
- Amphibians Count: 14 species
15. Politics & Government
- Government Type: Parliamentary Republic
- Head of State: President
- Head of Government: Prime Minister
- Ruling Political Parties: New Unity
- Corruption Index: 61 (scale 0-100)
16. Justice & Law
- Legal System Type: Civil Law (Germanic and French Influence)
- Crime Rate: 36.8 per 100,000 people
- Judicial Independence: 75 (scale 0-100)
- Human Rights Index: 0.93 (scale 0-1)
- Imprisonment Rate: 171 per 100,000 people
17. Military & Defense
- Total Military Personnel: 22,500
- Active Military Personnel: 6,500
- Military Expenditure: 2.1% of GDP
- Military Budget: $850 million
- Nuclear Capability: No
18. Culture & Society
- Cultural Heritage Sites: 3
- Notable Cultural Festivals: Jāņi (Midsummer Festival), Latvian Song and Dance Festival, Independence Day
- Traditional Foods and Cuisine: Rupjmaize, Grey Peas with Bacon, Sklandrausis
- Traditional Arts and Crafts: Textile Weaving (Linen), Wood Carving, Folk Art (Ceramics)
- Famous Personalities: Vaira Vīķe-Freiberga (Former President), Māris Štrombergs (Cyclist), Guntis Ulmanis (Politician)
19. Sports
- Most Popular Sport: Ice Hockey
- Total Olympic Medals: 45
- Olympic Gold medals: 9
- Most Popular Athlete: Kristaps Porziņģis (Basketball)
- Major National Sports Event: Latvian Higher League (Football League)
20. Travel & Tourism
- Annual Tourist Arrivals: 3.5 million
- Top Tourist Destination: Riga
- Travel and Tourism Development Rank: 47 (Score: 4.25)
- UNESCO World Heritage Sites: 3
- Tourism Revenue (% of GDP): ~5%
Sources
- World Bank: Population | population growth rate | population density | urban population | food imports | tourism revenue | GDP (nominal) | GDP per capita | inflation rate | value of agricultural production | arable land | irrigated land | renewable energy usage | energy production | CO₂ emissions | protected land areas | forest coverage | healthcare expenditure | life expectancy | access to clean water | total road network | railway network | urban infrastructure quality.
- IMF: GDP (nominal) | GDP per capita | inflation rate.
- ILO: Labor force participation rate | unemployment rate | minimum wage | main employment sectors | working-age population.
- FAO: Arable land | irrigated land | top agricultural products | value of agricultural production | food imports.
- IEA: Electricity access | renewable energy usage | energy production | energy import/export status.
- UNESCO: Literacy rate | school enrollment (tertiary) | public education expenditure | cultural heritage sites.
- WHO: Life expectancy | infant mortality rate | physician density | healthcare expenditure | access to clean water.
- UNEP: CO₂ emissions | protected land areas | forest coverage | biodiversity rank| national parks | main environmental challenges.
- Transparency International: Corruption index.
- UNODC: Crime rate | imprisonment rate | judicial independence | human rights index.
- SIPRI: Military personnel | active military personnel | military expenditure | military budget | nuclear capability.
- UNWTO: Tourist arrivals | tourism revenue | travel and tourism development rank.
- ITU: Internet penetration | internet users | mobile network coverage.
- World Prison Brief: Imprisonment rate.
- UNICEF: Child mortality rate | average years of schooling | education quality index.