Fish Species Count by Country (Latest List 2025)

Fish are the most diverse group of vertebrates, with thousands of species inhabiting oceans, rivers, lakes, and coral reefs across the globe. They play an integral role in maintaining ecological balance, supporting food chains, and contributing to the livelihoods of millions of people. The distribution of fish species varies widely by country, influenced by factors such as geography, climate, and ecosystem diversity.

This article explores the top countries with the highest fish species counts, highlighting their marine biodiversity and ecological significance. These rankings are based on the total number of fish species recorded in each country, offering insights into the richness of aquatic life.

Top 10 Countries with Most Fish Species

1. Australia: 5,189
2. Indonesia: 5,014
3. Brazil: 4,930
4. Japan: 4,294
5. China: 3,838
6. Philippines: 3,730
7. Taiwan: 3,134
8. United States: 3,133
9. Papua New Guinea: 2,979
10. India: 2,860

Australia leads the list with an impressive 5,189 fish species, thanks to its extensive coastline and the Great Barrier Reef, one of the world’s most diverse marine ecosystems. Indonesia follows closely with 5,014 species, as its location within the Coral Triangle makes it a global hotspot for marine biodiversity. Brazil, with 4,930 species, benefits from its vast Amazon River basin and Atlantic coastline, offering diverse freshwater and marine habitats.

Japan, ranking fourth with 4,294 species, is known for its rich marine ecosystems supported by its island geography and temperate waters. China and the Philippines, with 3,838 and 3,730 species respectively, showcase the biodiversity of the Pacific Ocean and tropical waters. Taiwan and the United States, both with over 3,000 species, reflect the ecological richness of their coasts and freshwater systems. Papua New Guinea and India round out the top ten, highlighting their vital contributions to global fish biodiversity.

Full Table

The Importance of Fish Biodiversity

Fish biodiversity is crucial for sustaining ecosystems and providing food security for millions of people worldwide. Coral reefs, estuaries, and river systems depend on a variety of fish species to maintain ecological balance. Countries with high fish diversity often have vibrant fishing industries, but they also face challenges in managing these resources sustainably.

Fish Conservation and Sustainable Fisheries

The health of global fish populations is under threat due to overfishing, habitat destruction, and climate change. Conservation efforts, including marine protected areas and sustainable fisheries management, are essential to preserve fish biodiversity. Countries with rich fish diversity must lead the way in promoting sustainable practices to ensure the long-term health of aquatic ecosystems.

Source

• Countries with the highest biodiversity – World Rainforest