Antarctica is Earth’s southernmost continent, covering an area of 13.72 million square kilometers, making it the fifth-largest continent by land area. Despite its massive size, Antarctica has no permanent population due to its harsh climate, icy terrain, and remote location. The continent is governed by the Antarctic Treaty System, which ensures it remains a zone dedicated to peace and scientific research.
Key Facts About Antarctica
- Continent Name: Antarctica
- Population (2025): 0 permanent residents
- Land Area: 13,720,000 km²
- Density: 0 people/km²
- Coldest temperature ever recorded: −89.2°C (Vostok Station)
- Contains 90% of the world’s ice and 70% of its fresh water
Scientific Presence in Antarctica
Although no one permanently resides in Antarctica, the continent hosts more than 70 scientific research stations operated by over 30 countries. These stations are usually staffed seasonally (summer) and some operate year-round. Scientists study climate change, astronomy, glaciology, biology, and more—making Antarctica a hub of critical environmental research.
Governance & Environmental Protection
The Antarctic Treaty, signed in 1959, prohibits military activity and resource extraction while promoting scientific collaboration and environmental protection. The region is not owned by any country, though several nations have made territorial claims that are held in suspension under the treaty.
Wildlife & Ecosystems
While Antarctica lacks human settlement, it supports a unique and resilient ecosystem. Key species include:
- Penguins (e.g., Emperor & Adelie)
- Seals (e.g., Weddell, Leopard)
- Whales (e.g., Blue, Minke)
- Cold-tolerant microorganisms and lichens
These species survive in extreme conditions and play vital roles in the Southern Ocean’s ecosystem.
Why Antarctica Matters
- Climate Indicator: Changes in Antarctic ice sheets affect global sea levels.
- Scientific Frontier: A critical region for understanding Earth’s past and future.
- International Cooperation: A rare example of global scientific and political unity.
FAQs
- Q: Does anyone live in Antarctica permanently?
- A: No, it has no permanent residents—only seasonal researchers.
- Q: Who owns Antarctica?
- A: No one. It is governed by an international treaty for peaceful research.
- Q: How big is Antarctica?
- A: It spans 13.72 million km², larger than Europe or Australia.
- Q: What animals live in Antarctica?
- A: Penguins, seals, whales, and cold-adapted birds and microbes.
- Q: What is the coldest place on Earth?
- A: Antarctica, with temperatures dropping below −89°C.