Europe is one of the world’s most developed continents, known for its rich history, cultural diversity, and advanced economies. In 2025, Europe is home to over 744 million people across more than 40 countries, ranging from the vast lands of Russia to the microstates of Monaco and San Marino. This page presents a complete overview of Europe’s demographic statistics, including population, land area, and trends over time.
Europe Population by Country – 2025
The table below lists all European countries along with their 2025 population, land area (in km²), and population density (people per km²).
| # | Country | 2025 Population | Land Area (Km²) | Density (P/Km²) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Russia | 143,997,393 | 16,376,870 | 9 |
| 2 | Germany | 84,075,075 | 348,560 | 241 |
| 3 | United Kingdom | 69,551,332 | 241,930 | 287 |
| 4 | France | 66,650,804 | 547,557 | 122 |
| 5 | Italy | 59,146,260 | 294,140 | 201 |
| 6 | Spain | 47,889,958 | 498,800 | 96 |
| 7 | Ukraine | 38,980,376 | 579,320 | 67 |
| 8 | Poland | 38,140,910 | 306,230 | 125 |
| 9 | Romania | 18,908,650 | 230,170 | 82 |
| 10 | Netherlands | 18,346,819 | 33,720 | 544 |
| 11 | Belgium | 11,758,603 | 30,280 | 388 |
| 12 | Sweden | 10,656,633 | 410,340 | 26 |
| 13 | Czech Republic | 10,609,239 | 77,240 | 137 |
| 14 | Portugal | 10,411,834 | 91,590 | 114 |
| 15 | Greece | 9,938,844 | 128,900 | 77 |
| 16 | Hungary | 9,632,287 | 90,530 | 106 |
| 17 | Austria | 9,113,574 | 82,409 | 111 |
| 18 | Belarus | 8,997,603 | 202,910 | 44 |
| 19 | Switzerland | 8,967,407 | 39,516 | 227 |
| 20 | Bulgaria | 6,714,560 | 108,560 | 62 |
| 21 | Serbia | 6,689,039 | 87,460 | 76 |
| 22 | Denmark | 6,002,507 | 42,430 | 141 |
| 23 | Finland | 5,623,329 | 303,890 | 19 |
| 24 | Norway | 5,623,071 | 365,268 | 15 |
| 25 | Slovakia | 5,474,881 | 48,088 | 114 |
| 26 | Ireland | 5,308,039 | 68,890 | 77 |
| 27 | Croatia | 3,848,160 | 55,960 | 69 |
| 28 | Bosnia and Herzegovina | 3,140,095 | 51,000 | 62 |
| 29 | Moldova | 2,996,106 | 32,850 | 91 |
| 30 | Lithuania | 2,830,144 | 62,674 | 45 |
| 31 | Albania | 2,771,508 | 27,400 | 101 |
| 32 | Slovenia | 2,117,072 | 20,140 | 105 |
| 33 | Latvia | 1,853,559 | 62,200 | 30 |
| 34 | North Macedonia | 1,813,791 | 25,220 | 72 |
| 35 | Estonia | 1,344,232 | 42,390 | 32 |
| 36 | Luxembourg | 680,453 | 2,590 | 263 |
| 37 | Montenegro | 632,729 | 13,450 | 47 |
| 38 | Malta | 545,405 | 320 | 1,704 |
| 39 | Iceland | 398,266 | 100,250 | 4 |
| 40 | Isle of Man | 84,118 | 570 | 148 |
| 41 | Andorra | 82,904 | 470 | 176 |
| 42 | Faeroe Islands | 56,002 | 1,396 | 40 |
| 43 | Liechtenstein | 40,128 | 160 | 251 |
| 44 | Gibraltar | 40,126 | 10 | 4,013 |
| 45 | Monaco | 38,341 | 1 | 25,732 |
| 46 | San Marino | 33,572 | 60 | 560 |
| 47 | Holy See | 501 | 0 | 1,253 |
- Russia dominates by land and population, with 143.9 million people and over 16 million km² of territory (spanning Europe and Asia).
- Germany, UK, and France are Europe’s most populous Western nations, each above 65 million people.
- The Netherlands has one of the highest densities (544/km²), while Malta and Monaco exceed 1,000/km².
- Iceland and Finland have extremely low densities, under 20/km², due to their large land areas and smaller populations.
Most Populous Countries in Europe (2025 Rankings)
Russia stands far ahead, but countries like Germany, France, and UK lead within the EU in population. Nations like Romania and Netherlands round out the top 10 despite their smaller land sizes. Together, these ten countries account for over 70% of Europe’s population.
Largest Countries in Europe by Land Area
Russia’s massive landmass makes it the largest not just in Europe, but in the world. Ukraine, France, and Spain are the largest fully European countries. Northern countries like Sweden, Norway, and Finland have extensive territories but low population density.
Europe Population Growth Over Time (1900–2025)
Europe’s population grew steadily from 406 million in 1900 to a peak of 749 million in 2020. Since then, it has seen a slight decline due to lower birth rates and aging populations, with 744 million in 2025. Countries in Western Europe are experiencing population stagnation, while some Eastern European nations face population decline.
Europe’s population may be stabilizing, but the continent remains a global leader in economic strength, innovation, and quality of life. With over 40 countries, it offers deep insights into urbanization, land use, and population trends that continue to shape the future of the region.
FAQs
- Q1: What is the population of Europe in 2025?
- A: About 744 million people.
- Q2: Which is the most populous country in Europe?
- A: Russia, with nearly 144 million people.
- Q3: Which country has the largest land area in Europe?
- A: Russia, with over 16 million km² (includes parts in Asia).
- Q4: What is the most densely populated country in Europe?
- A: Monaco, with over 25,000 people per km².
- Q5: Is Europe’s population growing or shrinking?
- A: Europe’s population peaked in 2020 and is now slightly declining.
- Q6: How many countries are there in Europe?
- A: Around 47 recognized sovereign states.
- Q7: Which European countries are losing population?
- A: Countries like Ukraine, Bulgaria, and Latvia are seeing population declines.