Gold Reserves by Country (2025 Rankings)

Gold reserves by country in 2025 provide a critical measure of a nation’s financial stability and economic strength. Central banks around the world hold gold as a strategic asset, serving as a safeguard against economic uncertainty and currency volatility. This article explores the top 10 countries with the largest gold reserves in 2025, highlighting the global distribution of this precious metal.

As of 2025, global gold reserves are estimated at 36,700 tonnes, reflecting a steady increase from previous decades as nations continue to diversify their financial holdings. Gold remains a preferred asset due to its intrinsic value, universal acceptance, and ability to retain purchasing power over time. This growth is driven by economic uncertainty, geopolitical tensions, and rising inflation, making gold an essential component of central bank portfolios.

Top 10 Countries with the Largest Gold Reserves in 2025

  1. United States8,133 tonnes
  2. Germany 3,352 tonnes
  3. Italy 2,452 tonnes
  4. France 2,437 tonnes
  5. Russia 2,336 tonnes
  6. China 2,280 tonnes
  7. Switzerland 1,040 tonnes
  8. India 876 tonnes
  9. Japan 846 tonnes
  10. Turkey 615 tonnes

The United States leads the world by a significant margin, holding 8,133 tonnes of gold in 2025. This accounts for over a quarter of the world’s total gold reserves, underscoring the US dollar’s dominance as a global reserve currency. The Federal Reserve and Fort Knox remain the primary custodians of this massive gold hoard.

Germany ranks second with 3,352 tonnes, reflecting a long-standing tradition of gold accumulation. The country has repatriated much of its gold from overseas vaults in recent years, emphasizing its commitment to financial security.

Italy and France hold 2,452 tonnes and 2,437 tonnes respectively, securing their positions as Europe’s other major gold holders. These reserves serve as economic buffers for two of the Eurozone’s largest economies.

Russia has significantly expanded its gold reserves to 2,336 tonnes, aiming to reduce dependence on foreign currencies and shield its economy from sanctions. China, with 2,280 tonnes, is another key player, quietly building its gold holdings as part of a broader strategy to challenge the US dollar’s dominance.

Switzerland, known for its financial stability, holds 1,040 tonnes of gold, reflecting its history as a global banking hub. India, a major gold consumer, maintains 876 tonnes as a cornerstone of its central bank’s reserves.

Japan, despite being a leading industrial power, holds a relatively modest 846 tonnes, while Turkey, with 615 tonnes, has aggressively boosted its reserves in recent years to strengthen its currency and economy.

Gold Reserves by Country (Source: Trading Economics 2025)

# Country Gold Reserve (tonnes)
1United States8133
2Germany3352
3Italy2452
4France2437
5Russia2336
6China2280
7Switzerland1040
8India876
9Japan846
10Turkey615
11Netherlands612
12Euro Area507
13Poland448
14Taiwan424
15Portugal383
16Uzbekistan383
17Saudi Arabia323
18United Kingdom310
19Lebanon287
20Kazakhstan284
21Spain282
22Austria280
23Thailand235
24Belgium227
25Singapore220
26Algeria174
27Venezuela161
28Iraq153
29Libya147
30Philippines131
31Brazil130
32Egypt127
33Sweden126
34South Africa125
35Mexico120
36Greece115
37Qatar111
38Hungary110
39South Korea104
40Romania104
41Australia79.87
42Kuwait78.97
43Indonesia78.57
44United Arab Emirates74.66
45Jordan71.65
46Denmark66.55
47Pakistan64.74
48Argentina61.74
49Belarus53.88
50Czech Republic51.18
51Finland49.02
52Serbia48.15
53Cambodia42
54Bulgaria40.87
55Malaysia38.88
56Kyrgyzstan38.13
57Bolivia34.79
58Peru34.67
59Slovakia31.69
60Ghana30.53
61Ukraine27.37
62Ecuador26.28
63Syria25.82
64Morocco22.12
65Afghanistan21.87
66Nigeria21.37
67Bangladesh14.26
68Cyprus13.9
69Mauritius12.42
70Ireland12.04
71Tajikistan8.46
72Paraguay8.19
73Nepal7.99
74Myanmar7.27
75Guatemala6.89
76Macedonia6.89
77Tunisia6.84
78Latvia6.66
79Lithuania5.82
80Colombia4.68
81Bahrain4.67
82Mozambique3.94
83Mongolia3.88
84Albania3.42
85Slovenia3.17
86Aruba3.11
87Luxembourg2.24
88Hong Kong2.08
89Iceland1.98
90Papua New Guinea1.96
91Trinidad And Tobago1.95
92Haiti1.81
93Yemen1.56
94Bosnia and Herzegovina1.49
95El Salvador1.37
96Suriname1.21
97Honduras0.7
98Dominican Republic0.57
99Sri Lanka0.47
100Malawi0.4
101Chile0.25
102Estonia0.25
103Malta0.19
104Uruguay0.1
105Burundi0.03
106Fiji0.03
107Kenya0.02

Countries outside the top 10 also hold significant reserves. For example, Netherlands (612 tonnes) and Poland (448 tonnes) are noteworthy for their growing gold reserves. Saudi Arabia (323 tonnes) and United Kingdom (310 tonnes) also rank among the largest holders, reflecting their substantial economic influence.

Global Gold Reserves Over Time (Historical Trends)

The trend in global gold reserves has seen considerable fluctuation over the decades:

  • 1965: 38,347 tonnes
  • 1980: 33,000 tonnes
  • 2000: 33,000 tonnes
  • 2025: 36,700 tonnes

Global gold reserves peaked in the mid-1960s before gradually declining due to the collapse of the Bretton Woods system and changing economic policies. However, the past two decades have seen a resurgence in gold demand, driven by economic instability, inflation fears, and currency devaluation concerns.

With global economic uncertainty on the rise, gold remains a vital asset for nations seeking financial stability and security. As we move further into 2025, these reserves will continue to play a critical role in shaping monetary policies and economic strategies worldwide.

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